feat(trie): implement new trie architecture with separated node types

[weiihann]

This PR introduces a complete new Trie implementation. Some of the major changes:

• Separation of node types - Makes code more intuitive, reduce redundant storage, separation of concerns, easier to extend functionalities
• Performance Optimization - Stores trie in-memory, cache node hashes, Trie.Update + Trie.Commit is 4x faster
• Range Proof - Solves the edge case of gapped range proof from the previous implementation

This PR is a standalone package and has not been integrated with the other parts of Juno. The integration and replacement of legacy trie implementation will be given in another PR.

Also, do note that the implementation of BitArray is exactly the same as before, please ignore it during the review process.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 71.99159% with 533 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 73.36%. Comparing base (f9b4aed) to head (3dca1e3).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
core/trie2/proof.go	69.16%	99 Missing and 37 partials ⚠️
core/trie2/trieutils/bitarray.go	74.48%	131 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️
core/trie2/trie.go	78.04%	69 Missing and 14 partials ⚠️
core/trie2/triedb/pathdb/database.go	50.51%	41 Missing and 7 partials ⚠️
core/trie2/node_enc.go	58.55%	31 Missing and 15 partials ⚠️
core/trie2/node.go	44.23%	29 Missing ⚠️
core/trie2/trienode/nodeset.go	72.22%	10 Missing and 5 partials ⚠️
core/trie2/id.go	20.00%	12 Missing ⚠️
core/trie2/hasher.go	86.66%	8 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
utils/orderedset.go	0.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
... and 4 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@                       Coverage Diff                       @@
##           weiihann/improve-state-trie    #2355      +/-   ##
===============================================================
- Coverage                        73.61%   73.36%   -0.25%     
===============================================================
  Files                              136      150      +14     
  Lines                            16658    18561    +1903     
===============================================================
+ Hits                             12262    13617    +1355     
- Misses                            3535     3994     +459     
- Partials                           861      950      +89     

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[rianhughes]

Can we add a doc-string for these nodes please? Also, I guess valueNode is a leafNode with a distance of 1 between it and it's parent, and HashNode is a leafNode with a distance greater than 1??

[weiihann]

HashNode just represents an unresolved node, it could be leaf or non-leaf.
ValueNode is a leaf node yes.

[rianhughes]

Note to self to come back to this

[rianhughes]

What do you think about renaming cache() to flags()?

[weiihann]

I think cache() is more understandable, because we technically cache the hash of the node.