feat(python): Support passing token in storage_options for GCP cloud

[nameexhaustion]

• Fixes Cannot pass GCP access token in storage_options (Google Cloud) #13138
• Fixes [scan_parquet] Add the token to storage_options directly when trying to access to the GCS #21417

scan_parquet(..., storage_options = { 'token': '...' })

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 20.83333% with 19 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 79.81%. Comparing base (2ae7287) to head (5c04ba5).
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...rs/polars/io/cloud/credential_provider/_builder.py	20.83%	16 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #21560      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   79.75%   79.81%   +0.06%     
==========================================
  Files        1591     1591              
  Lines      229480   229502      +22     
  Branches     2625     2632       +7     
==========================================
+ Hits       183018   183181     +163     
+ Misses      45857    45714     -143     
- Partials      605      607       +2     

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