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[Gold IV] Title: 알파벳, Time: 6524 ms, Memory: 147060 KB -BaekjoonHub
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# [Gold IV] 알파벳 - 1987 | ||
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[문제 링크](https://www.acmicpc.net/problem/1987) | ||
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### 성능 요약 | ||
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메모리: 147060 KB, 시간: 6524 ms | ||
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### 분류 | ||
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백트래킹, 깊이 우선 탐색, 그래프 이론, 그래프 탐색 | ||
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### 제출 일자 | ||
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2024년 11월 15일 15:01:22 | ||
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### 문제 설명 | ||
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<p>세로 <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mi class="mjx-i"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D445 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>R</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$R$</span></mjx-container>칸, 가로 <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mi class="mjx-i"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D436 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$C$</span></mjx-container>칸으로 된 표 모양의 보드가 있다. 보드의 각 칸에는 대문자 알파벳이 하나씩 적혀 있고, 좌측 상단 칸 (<mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mn class="mjx-n"><mjx-c class="mjx-c31"></mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$1$</span></mjx-container>행 <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mn class="mjx-n"><mjx-c class="mjx-c31"></mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$1$</span></mjx-container>열) 에는 말이 놓여 있다.</p> | ||
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<p>말은 상하좌우로 인접한 네 칸 중의 한 칸으로 이동할 수 있는데, 새로 이동한 칸에 적혀 있는 알파벳은 지금까지 지나온 모든 칸에 적혀 있는 알파벳과는 달라야 한다. 즉, 같은 알파벳이 적힌 칸을 두 번 지날 수 없다.</p> | ||
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<p>좌측 상단에서 시작해서, 말이 최대한 몇 칸을 지날 수 있는지를 구하는 프로그램을 작성하시오. 말이 지나는 칸은 좌측 상단의 칸도 포함된다.</p> | ||
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### 입력 | ||
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<p>첫째 줄에 <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mi class="mjx-i"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D445 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>R</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$R$</span></mjx-container>과 <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mi class="mjx-i"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D436 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$C$</span></mjx-container>가 빈칸을 사이에 두고 주어진다. (<mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mn class="mjx-n"><mjx-c class="mjx-c31"></mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-mo class="mjx-n" space="4"><mjx-c class="mjx-c2264"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi class="mjx-i" space="4"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D445 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo class="mjx-n"><mjx-c class="mjx-c2C"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi class="mjx-i" space="2"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D436 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo class="mjx-n" space="4"><mjx-c class="mjx-c2264"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn class="mjx-n" space="4"><mjx-c class="mjx-c32"></mjx-c><mjx-c class="mjx-c30"></mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>20</mn></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$1 ≤ R,C ≤ 20$</span></mjx-container>) 둘째 줄부터 <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mi class="mjx-i"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D445 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>R</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$R$</span></mjx-container>개의 줄에 걸쳐서 보드에 적혀 있는 <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="CHTML" style="font-size: 109%; position: relative;"><mjx-math class="MJX-TEX" aria-hidden="true"><mjx-mi class="mjx-i"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D436 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml><span aria-hidden="true" class="no-mathjax mjx-copytext">$C$</span></mjx-container>개의 대문자 알파벳들이 빈칸 없이 주어진다.</p> | ||
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### 출력 | ||
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<p>첫째 줄에 말이 지날 수 있는 최대의 칸 수를 출력한다.</p> | ||
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import sys | ||
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# dfs 문제로 들어왔지만 bfs로 풀어보려했는데 리스트 관리를 못하겠음 백트래킹으로 전환 | ||
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def dfs(row, col, count): | ||
global r, c, lst, record, max_, d_row, d_col | ||
max_ = max(max_, count) | ||
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for i in range(4): | ||
n_row, n_col = row+d_row[i], col+d_col[i] | ||
if 0 <= n_row < r and 0 <= n_col < c and lst[n_row][n_col] not in record: | ||
record.add(lst[n_row][n_col]) | ||
dfs(n_row, n_col, count+1) | ||
record.remove(lst[n_row][n_col]) | ||
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r, c = map(int, sys.stdin.readline().split()) | ||
lst = [] | ||
record = set() | ||
max_ = 1 | ||
d_row = [-1, 1, 0, 0] | ||
d_col = [0, 0, -1, 1] | ||
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for _ in range(r): | ||
lst.append(list(map(str, sys.stdin.readline().rstrip()))) | ||
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record.add(lst[0][0]) | ||
dfs(0, 0, 1) | ||
record.remove(lst[0][0]) | ||
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print(max_) |