♻️🐛 Refactor qc::Permutation and fix corner case in Qiskit layout import

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR refactors the qc::Permutation class to not subclass from std::map. This has caused more harm than good, especially in the Python bindings, where pybind automatically binds some of the std::map members and then won't accept them being called on a Permutation object.
This creates quite a bit of boilerplate code for exposing the map interface in the permutation class, but has no other major influence (except that the Python bindings now work properly).

Additionally, this fixes an error related to the layout import from Qiskit related to Qiskit/qiskit#12749. It turns out that calling the public API of the TranspileLayout may throw errors if the final_layout is None.

Last, but not least, this PR adds a warnings ignore filter for a nonsense GCC warning, which should make the build log warning free again.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 92.3%. Comparing base (a927ced) to head (1fecc96).
Report is 7 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff          @@
##            main    #858   +/-   ##
=====================================
  Coverage   92.3%   92.3%           
=====================================
  Files        137     138    +1     
  Lines      13619   13664   +45     
  Branches    2104    2104           
=====================================
+ Hits       12574   12622   +48     
+ Misses      1045    1042    -3     

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	92.1% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
python	99.7% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
include/mqt-core/ir/Permutation.hpp	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/ir/QuantumComputation.cpp	92.8% <100.0%> (+0.2%)	⬆️
src/mqt/core/plugins/qiskit.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/qasm3/Parser.cpp	92.4% <100.0%> (ø)
src/qasm3/passes/TypeCheckPass.cpp	88.7% <ø> (ø)

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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