feat(tier4_autoware_utils): faster sin and cos

[veqcc]

Description

I have implemented a faster sin ans cos calculation.
Calling sin_and_cos is faster than calling sin and cos separately.

It is useful, for example, for DistortionCorrector.
I found that around 35% of CPU time in DistortionCorrector is occupied by sin and cos,
and I have confirmed 10~20% latency improvement with faster sin_and_cos. cc @vividf

Tests performed

I have written a test code and the test has passed.

Effects on system behavior

Interface changes

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[veqcc]

@soblin
It invoked the following clang-tidy warning

/__w/autoware.universe/autoware.universe/common/tier4_autoware_utils/src/math/trigonometry.cpp:63:5: warning: do not use 'else' after 'return' [readability-else-after-return]
Use -header-filter=.* to display errors from all non-system headers. Use -system-headers to display errors from system headers as well.
  } else if (discrete_arcs_num_90 <= idx && idx < 2 * discrete_arcs_num_90) {
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Do you think we should avoid it?
In my opinion, we can ignore it.

[soblin]

Yes, we can just ignore it.