Optimizer: Update SROA def-uses after DCE (JuliaLang#57201)

Fixes JuliaLang#57141.

Given the function

```julia
julia> function _f()
           ref = Ref{Any}()
           ref[] = 3
           @Assert isdefined(ref, :x)
           inner = Returns(ref)
           x = inner()
           (x, ref[])
       end
_f (generic function with 1 method)

julia> f() = first(_f())
f (generic function with 1 method)
```

Here is before:
```julia
julia> @code_typed f()
CodeInfo(
1 ─ %1 = %new(Base.RefValue{Any})::Base.RefValue{Any}
└──      goto mmtk#3
2 ─      unreachable
3 ─      return %1
) => Base.RefValue{Any}
```

Here is after this PR:
```julia
julia> @code_typed f()
CodeInfo(
1 ─ %1 = %new(Base.RefValue{Any})::Base.RefValue{Any}
│          builtin Base.setfield!(%1, :x, 3)::Int64
│   %3 =   builtin Main.isdefined(%1, :x)::Bool
└──      goto mmtk#3 if not %3
2 ─      goto mmtk#4
3 ─ %6 =    invoke Base.AssertionError("isdefined(ref, :x)"::String)::AssertionError
│          builtin Base.throw(%6)::Union{}
└──      unreachable
4 ─      return %1
) => Base.RefValue{Any}
```

The elimination of `setfield!` was due to a use still being recorded for
`ref[]` in the def-use data while DCE eliminated this `getindex` call
(by virtue of not using the second tuple element in the result).

---------

Co-authored-by: Cédric Belmant <cedric.belmant@juliahub.com>
Co-authored-by: Shuhei Kadowaki <40514306+aviatesk@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: 3 people

Compiler/src/ssair/passes.jl

@@ -1511,6 +1511,10 @@ function sroa_pass!(ir::IRCode, inlining::Union{Nothing,InliningState}=nothing)
             used_ssas[x.id] -= 1
         end
         ir = complete(compact)
+        # remove any use that has been optimized away by the DCE
+        for (intermediaries, defuse) in values(defuses)
+            filter!(x -> ir[SSAValue(x.idx)][:stmt] !== nothing, defuse.uses)
+        end
         sroa_mutables!(ir, defuses, used_ssas, lazydomtree, inlining)
         return ir
     else

Compiler/test/irpasses.jl

@@ -2030,3 +2030,15 @@ let code = Any[
     ir = Compiler.domsort_ssa!(ir, domtree)
     Compiler.verify_ir(ir)
 end
+
+# https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/57141
+# don't eliminate `setfield!` when the field is to be used
+let src = code_typed1(()) do
+        ref = Ref{Any}()
+        ref[] = 0
+        @assert isdefined(ref, :x)
+        inner() = ref[] + 1
+        (inner(), ref[])
+    end
+    @test count(iscall((src, setfield!)), src.code) == 1
+end