diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index a346ddb5..a25aa39e 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,6 +27,5 @@ netlink-packet-utils = { version = "0.5.2" }
 name = "dump_packet_links"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-hex = "0.4.3"
 netlink-sys = { version = "0.8.5" }
 pretty_assertions = "0.7.2"
diff --git a/src/tc/actions/action.rs b/src/tc/actions/action.rs
index 81203188..d56ba9a7 100644
--- a/src/tc/actions/action.rs
+++ b/src/tc/actions/action.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ const TCA_ACT_TAB: u16 = 1;
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct TcAction {
-    /// Table id.  Corresponds to the `Kind` of the action.
+    /// Table id.
+    /// Corresponds to the [`Kind`] of the action.
+    ///
+    /// [`Kind`]: crate::tc::TcActionAttribute::Kind
     pub tab: u16,
     /// Attributes of the action.
     pub attributes: Vec<TcActionAttribute>,
@@ -203,17 +206,7 @@ impl Nla for TcActionAttribute {
     fn kind(&self) -> u16 {
         match self {
             Self::Kind(_) => TCA_ACT_KIND,
-            Self::Options(opts) => {
-                // NOTE: the kernel simply doesn't consistently use the nested
-                // flag based on captured messages.
-                // This is heuristically trying to match the kernel's behavior
-                // but may not be correct.
-                if opts.len() == 1 {
-                    TCA_ACT_OPTIONS | NLA_F_NESTED
-                } else {
-                    TCA_ACT_OPTIONS
-                }
-            }
+            Self::Options(_) => TCA_ACT_OPTIONS | NLA_F_NESTED,
             Self::Index(_) => TCA_ACT_INDEX,
             Self::Stats(_) => TCA_ACT_STATS,
             Self::Cookie(_) => TCA_ACT_COOKIE,
@@ -274,8 +267,8 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-/// `TcActionOption` is a netlink message attribute that describes an option of
-/// a [tc-actions] action.
+/// [`TcActionOption`] is a netlink message attribute that describes an option
+/// of a [tc-actions] action.
 ///
 /// This enum is non-exhaustive as new action types may be added to the kernel
 /// at any time.
diff --git a/src/tc/actions/message.rs b/src/tc/actions/message.rs
index 5f3185d9..9038ed1f 100644
--- a/src/tc/actions/message.rs
+++ b/src/tc/actions/message.rs
@@ -28,27 +28,11 @@ bitflags! {
     #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
     #[non_exhaustive]
     pub struct TcActionMessageFlags: u32 {
-        /// From `iproute2`'s [`rtnetlink.h`]
-        ///
-        /// If set, this flag enables more than TCA_ACT_MAX_PRIO actions in a single
+        /// If set, this flag enables more than `TCA_ACT_MAX_PRIO` actions in a single
         /// actions listing operation.
-        ///
-        /// > TCA_ACT_FLAG_LARGE_DUMP_ON user->kernel to request for larger than
-        ///   TCA_ACT_MAX_PRIO actions in a dump.
-        ///   All dump responses will contain the number of actions being dumped
-        ///   stored in for user app's consumption in TCA_ROOT_COUNT
-        ///
-        /// [`rtnetlink.h`]: https://github.com/iproute2/iproute2/blob/89210b9ec1c445ae963d181b5816d12a0cdafbb6/include/uapi/linux/rtnetlink.h#L803-L806
         const LargeDump = TCA_ACT_FLAG_LARGE_DUMP_ON;
         /// If set, this flag restricts an action dump to only include essential
         /// details.
-        ///
-        /// From `iproute2`'s [`rtnetlink.h`]:
-        ///
-        /// > TCA_ACT_FLAG_TERSE_DUMP user->kernel to request terse (brief) dump
-        ///   that only includes essential action info (kind, index, etc.)
-        ///
-        /// [`rtnetlink.h`]: https://github.com/iproute2/iproute2/blob/89210b9ec1c445ae963d181b5816d12a0cdafbb6/include/uapi/linux/rtnetlink.h#L808-L809
         const TerseDump = TCA_ACT_FLAG_TERSE_DUMP;
         const _ = !0;
     }
@@ -147,7 +131,7 @@ const TCA_ROOT_TIME_DELTA: u16 = 4;
 const TCA_ROOT_EXT_WARN_MSG: u16 = 5;
 
 /// This enum is used to represent the different types of attributes that can be
-/// part of a `TcActionMessage`.
+/// part of a [`TcActionMessage`].
 ///
 /// This enum is non-exhaustive, additional variants may be added in the future.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
diff --git a/src/tc/actions/tests/message.rs b/src/tc/actions/tests/message.rs
index 47031710..d12efd14 100644
--- a/src/tc/actions/tests/message.rs
+++ b/src/tc/actions/tests/message.rs
@@ -39,21 +39,75 @@ mod mirror {
 
     /// Captured `TcActionMessage` examples used for testing.
     mod message {
-        /// Request
+        /// Capture of request message for
+        ///
         /// ```bash
         /// tc actions add action mirred egress redirect dev lo index 1
         /// ```
-        pub(super) const CREATE1: &str = "0000000038000100340001000b0001006d69727265640000240002802000020001000000000000000400000000000000000000000100000001000000";
-        /// Request
+        pub(super) const CREATE1: &[u8] = &[
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x34, 0x00, 0x01,
+            0x00, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x6d, 0x69, 0x72, 0x72, 0x65, 0x64,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x00, 0x02, 0x80, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        ];
+        /// Capture of request message for
+        ///
         /// ```bash
         /// tc actions add action mirred ingress mirror dev lo index 2
         /// ```
-        pub(super) const CREATE2: &str = "0000000038000100340001000b0001006d69727265640000240002802000020002000000000000000300000000000000000000000400000001000000";
-        /// Response
+        pub(super) const CREATE2: &[u8] = &[
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x34, 0x00, 0x01,
+            0x00, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x6d, 0x69, 0x72, 0x72, 0x65, 0x64,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x00, 0x02, 0x80, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        ];
+        /// Capture of request message for
+        ///
         /// ```bash
         /// tc actions list action mirred
         /// ```
-        pub(super) const LIST: &str = "00000000080003000200000064010100b00000000b0001006d6972726564000044000400140001000000000000000000000000000000000014000700000000000000000000000000000000001800030000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c000900000000000300000008000a0000000000480002002000020001000000000000000400000001000000000000000100000001000000240001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b00001000b0001006d6972726564000044000400140001000000000000000000000000000000000014000700000000000000000000000000000000001800030000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c000900000000000300000008000a0000000000480002002000020002000000000000000300000001000000000000000400000001000000240001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
+        ///
+        /// after the messages in [`CREATE1`] and [`CREATE2`] have been added.
+        pub(super) const LIST: &[u8] = &[
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x64, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0xb0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0b, 0x00,
+            0x01, 0x00, 0x6d, 0x69, 0x72, 0x72, 0x65, 0x64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x44,
+            0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18,
+            0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48,
+            0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xb0, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x0b, 0x00,
+            0x01, 0x00, 0x6d, 0x69, 0x72, 0x72, 0x65, 0x64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x44,
+            0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18,
+            0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48,
+            0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+            0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        ];
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -81,9 +135,8 @@ mod mirror {
             }])],
         };
 
-        let buf = hex::decode(message::CREATE1).unwrap();
         let parsed = TcActionMessage::parse(
-            &TcActionMessageBuffer::new_checked(&buf).unwrap(),
+            &TcActionMessageBuffer::new_checked(&message::CREATE1).unwrap(),
         )
         .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(parsed, expected);
@@ -114,7 +167,7 @@ mod mirror {
             }])],
         };
 
-        let buf = hex::decode(message::CREATE2).unwrap();
+        let buf = message::CREATE2;
         let parsed = TcActionMessage::parse(
             &TcActionMessageBuffer::new_checked(&buf).unwrap(),
         )
@@ -123,6 +176,7 @@ mod mirror {
     }
 
     #[test]
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
     fn parse_message3_list() {
         let expected = TcActionMessage {
             header: TcActionMessageHeader {
@@ -226,9 +280,8 @@ mod mirror {
                 ]),
             ],
         };
-        let buf = hex::decode(message::LIST).unwrap();
         let parsed = TcActionMessage::parse(
-            &TcActionMessageBuffer::new_checked(&buf).unwrap(),
+            &TcActionMessageBuffer::new_checked(&message::LIST).unwrap(),
         )
         .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(parsed, expected);
diff --git a/src/tc/actions/tests/nat.rs b/src/tc/actions/tests/nat.rs
index e1eec778..06d2b804 100644
--- a/src/tc/actions/tests/nat.rs
+++ b/src/tc/actions/tests/nat.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,14 @@ use crate::AddressFamily;
 /// ```bash
 /// tc actions add action nat ingress 1.2.3.4/32 5.6.7.0 index 1
 /// ```
-const TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE1: &str = "000000003c00010038000100080001006e6174002c0002802800010001000000000000000000000000000000000000000102030405060700ffffffff00000000";
+const TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE1: &[u8] = &[
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x08, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x00, 0x2c, 0x00, 0x02, 0x80,
+    0x28, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+];
 
 fn tc_action_message_nat_example1() -> TcActionMessage {
     TcActionMessage {
@@ -34,7 +41,7 @@ fn tc_action_message_nat_example1() -> TcActionMessage {
             tab: 1,
             attributes: vec![
                 Kind("nat".into()),
-                Options(vec![Nat(TcActionNatOption::Parms(TcNat {
+                Options(vec![Nat(Parms(TcNat {
                     generic: TcActionGeneric {
                         index: 1,
                         capab: 0,
@@ -54,7 +61,7 @@ fn tc_action_message_nat_example1() -> TcActionMessage {
 
 #[test]
 fn parse_tc_action_nat_example1() {
-    let buf = hex::decode(TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE1).unwrap();
+    let buf = TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE1;
     let parsed = TcActionMessage::parse(
         &TcActionMessageBuffer::new_checked(&buf).unwrap(),
     )
@@ -67,7 +74,7 @@ fn emit_tc_action_nat_example1() {
     let example = tc_action_message_nat_example1();
     let mut buf = vec![0; example.buffer_len()];
     example.emit(&mut buf);
-    assert_eq!(buf, hex::decode(TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE1).unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(buf.as_slice(), TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE1);
 }
 
 /// Capture of request for
@@ -75,7 +82,14 @@ fn emit_tc_action_nat_example1() {
 /// ```bash
 /// tc actions add action nat ingress 1.2.3.0/24 5.6.7.9 index 2
 /// ```
-const TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE2: &str = "000000003c00010038000100080001006e6174002c0002802800010002000000000000000000000000000000000000000102030005060709ffffff0000000000";
+const TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE2: &[u8] = &[
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x08, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x00, 0x2c, 0x00, 0x02, 0x80,
+    0x28, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x09, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+];
 
 fn tc_action_message_nat_example2() -> TcActionMessage {
     TcActionMessage {
@@ -86,7 +100,7 @@ fn tc_action_message_nat_example2() -> TcActionMessage {
             tab: 1,
             attributes: vec![
                 Kind("nat".into()),
-                Options(vec![Nat(TcActionNatOption::Parms(TcNat {
+                Options(vec![Nat(Parms(TcNat {
                     generic: TcActionGeneric {
                         index: 2,
                         capab: 0,
@@ -106,7 +120,7 @@ fn tc_action_message_nat_example2() -> TcActionMessage {
 
 #[test]
 fn parse_tc_action_nat_example2() {
-    let buf = hex::decode(TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE2).unwrap();
+    let buf = TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE2;
     let parsed = TcActionMessage::parse(
         &TcActionMessageBuffer::new_checked(&buf).unwrap(),
     )
@@ -119,7 +133,7 @@ fn emit_tc_action_nat_example2() {
     let example = tc_action_message_nat_example2();
     let mut buf = vec![0; example.buffer_len()];
     example.emit(&mut buf);
-    assert_eq!(buf, hex::decode(TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE2).unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(buf.as_slice(), TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE2);
 }
 
 /// Capture of request for
@@ -127,7 +141,14 @@ fn emit_tc_action_nat_example2() {
 /// ```bash
 /// tc actions add action nat egress 2.3.4.0/24 5.6.7.9 index 3
 /// ```
-const TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE3: &str = "000000003c00010038000100080001006e6174002c0002802800010003000000000000000000000000000000000000000203040005060709ffffff0001000000";
+const TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE3: &[u8] = &[
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+    0x08, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x00, 0x2c, 0x00, 0x02, 0x80,
+    0x28, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x00, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x09, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00,
+    0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+];
 
 fn tc_action_message_nat_example3() -> TcActionMessage {
     TcActionMessage {
@@ -138,7 +159,7 @@ fn tc_action_message_nat_example3() -> TcActionMessage {
             tab: 1,
             attributes: vec![
                 Kind("nat".into()),
-                Options(vec![Nat(TcActionNatOption::Parms(TcNat {
+                Options(vec![Nat(Parms(TcNat {
                     generic: TcActionGeneric {
                         index: 3,
                         capab: 0,
@@ -158,7 +179,7 @@ fn tc_action_message_nat_example3() -> TcActionMessage {
 
 #[test]
 fn parse_tc_action_nat_example3() {
-    let buf = hex::decode(TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE3).unwrap();
+    let buf = TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE3;
     let parsed = TcActionMessage::parse(
         &TcActionMessageBuffer::new_checked(&buf).unwrap(),
     )
@@ -171,11 +192,11 @@ fn emit_tc_action_nat_example3() {
     let example = tc_action_message_nat_example3();
     let mut buf = vec![0x00; example.buffer_len()];
     example.emit(&mut buf);
-    assert_eq!(buf, hex::decode(TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE3).unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(buf.as_slice(), TC_ACTION_NAT_EXAMPLE3);
 }
 
 const TC_ACTION_NAT_OPTION_PARAMS_EXAMPLES: [TcActionNatOption; 2] = [
-    TcActionNatOption::Parms(TcNat {
+    Parms(TcNat {
         flags: TcNatFlags::empty(),
         generic: TcActionGeneric {
             action: TcActionType::Reclassify,
@@ -188,7 +209,7 @@ const TC_ACTION_NAT_OPTION_PARAMS_EXAMPLES: [TcActionNatOption; 2] = [
         new_addr: Ipv4Addr::new(1, 2, 3, 4),
         old_addr: Ipv4Addr::new(5, 6, 7, 8),
     }),
-    TcActionNatOption::Parms(TcNat {
+    Parms(TcNat {
         flags: TcNatFlags::empty(),
         generic: TcActionGeneric {
             action: TcActionType::Pipe,
@@ -229,16 +250,16 @@ fn tc_action_nat_option_emit_uses_whole_buffer() {
 
 fn tc_action_nat_option_tm_examples() -> [TcActionNatOption; 4] {
     [
-        TcActionNatOption::Tm(vec![]),
-        TcActionNatOption::Tm(vec![1]),
-        TcActionNatOption::Tm(vec![1, 2, 3, 4]),
-        TcActionNatOption::Tm(vec![99; 10]),
+        Tm(vec![]),
+        Tm(vec![1]),
+        Tm(vec![1, 2, 3, 4]),
+        Tm(vec![99; 10]),
     ]
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn tc_action_nat_option_parse_back_example_tm() {
-    for example in tc_action_nat_option_tm_examples().iter() {
+    for example in &tc_action_nat_option_tm_examples() {
         let mut buffer = vec![0; example.buffer_len()];
         example.emit(&mut buffer);
         let parsed = TcActionNatOption::parse(
@@ -251,7 +272,7 @@ fn tc_action_nat_option_parse_back_example_tm() {
 
 #[test]
 fn tc_action_nat_option_emit_tm_uses_whole_buffer() {
-    for example in tc_action_nat_option_tm_examples().iter() {
+    for example in &tc_action_nat_option_tm_examples() {
         let mut buffer1 = vec![0x00; example.buffer_len()];
         let mut buffer2 = vec![0xff; example.buffer_len()];
         example.emit(&mut buffer1);
@@ -278,8 +299,23 @@ fn tc_action_nat_option_emit_tm_uses_whole_buffer() {
 ///   * rtnetlink header removed (16 bytes).
 #[test]
 fn test_get_filter_nat() {
-    const RAW: &str = "00000000ac000100a8000100080001006e617400440004001400010000000000000000000000000000000000140007000000000000000000000000000000000018000300000000000000000000000000000000000000000008000a000000000050000200280001000100000000000000000000000100000000000000c0000201cb007101ffffffff00000000240002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
-    let raw = hex::decode(RAW).unwrap();
+    const RAW: &[u8] = &[
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xac, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0xa8, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00,
+        0x08, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x74, 0x00, 0x44, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
+        0x14, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x50, 0x00, 0x02, 0x80, 0x28, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0xcb, 0x00, 0x71, 0x01,
+        0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x24, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    ];
 
     let expected = TcActionMessage {
         header: TcActionMessageHeader {
@@ -332,12 +368,12 @@ fn test_get_filter_nat() {
 
     assert_eq!(
         expected,
-        TcActionMessage::parse(&TcActionMessageBuffer::new(&raw)).unwrap()
+        TcActionMessage::parse(&TcActionMessageBuffer::new(&RAW)).unwrap()
     );
 
     let mut buf = vec![0; expected.buffer_len()];
 
     expected.emit(&mut buf);
 
-    assert_eq!(buf, raw);
+    assert_eq!(buf, RAW);
 }
diff --git a/src/tc/tests/filter_matchall.rs b/src/tc/tests/filter_matchall.rs
index 135fadc9..58755d04 100644
--- a/src/tc/tests/filter_matchall.rs
+++ b/src/tc/tests/filter_matchall.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ fn test_get_filter_matchall() {
         0x0a, 0x00, // TCA_ACT_IN_HW_COUNT
         0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 0
         0x48, 0x00, // length 72
-        0x02, 0x00, // TCA_ACT_OPTIONS
+        0x02, 0x80, // TCA_ACT_OPTIONS
         0x20, 0x00, // length 32
         0x02, 0x00, // TCA_MIRRED_PARMS
         0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // index 1