feat: [torrust#654] UDP tracker client: scrape

```text
cargo run --bin udp_tracker_client scrape 127.0.0.1:6969 9c38422213e30bff212b30c360d26f9a02136422 | jq
cargo run --bin udp_tracker_client scrape udp://localhost:6969 9c38422213e30bff212b30c360d26f9a02136422 | jq
```

Scrape response:

```json
{
  "transaction_id": -888840697,
  "torrent_stats": [
    {
      "completed": 0,
      "leechers": 0,
      "seeders": 0
    },
    {
      "completed": 0,
      "leechers": 0,
      "seeders": 0
   }
 ]
}
```

Author: josecelano

cSpell.json

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 {
     "words": [
+        "Addrs",
         "adduser",
         "alekitto",
         "appuser",

src/bin/udp_tracker_client.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 //! Announce request:
 //!
 //! ```text
-//! cargo run --bin udp_tracker_client 127.0.0.1:6969 9c38422213e30bff212b30c360d26f9a02136422 | jq
+//! cargo run --bin udp_tracker_client announce 127.0.0.1:6969 9c38422213e30bff212b30c360d26f9a02136422 | jq
 //! ```
 //!
 //! Announce response:
@@ -20,22 +20,58 @@
 //!     "123.123.123.123:51289"
 //!   ],
 //! }
-/// ````
-use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Scrape request:
+//!
+//! ```text
+//! cargo run --bin udp_tracker_client scrape 127.0.0.1:6969 9c38422213e30bff212b30c360d26f9a02136422 | jq
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Scrape response:
+//!
+//! ```json
+//! {
+//!   "transaction_id": -888840697,
+//!   "torrent_stats": [
+//!     {
+//!       "completed": 0,
+//!       "leechers": 0,
+//!       "seeders": 0
+//!     },
+//!     {
+//!       "completed": 0,
+//!       "leechers": 0,
+//!       "seeders": 0
+//!    }
+//!  ]
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! You can use an URL with instead of the socket address. For example:
+//!
+//! ```text
+//! cargo run --bin udp_tracker_client scrape udp://localhost:6969 9c38422213e30bff212b30c360d26f9a02136422 | jq
+//! cargo run --bin udp_tracker_client scrape udp://localhost:6969/scrape 9c38422213e30bff212b30c360d26f9a02136422 | jq
+//! ```
+//!
+//! The protocol (`udp://`) in the URL is mandatory. The path (`\scrape`) is optional. It always uses `\scrape`.
+use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr, ToSocketAddrs};
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use anyhow::Context;
 use aquatic_udp_protocol::common::InfoHash;
-use aquatic_udp_protocol::Response::{AnnounceIpv4, AnnounceIpv6};
+use aquatic_udp_protocol::Response::{AnnounceIpv4, AnnounceIpv6, Scrape};
 use aquatic_udp_protocol::{
     AnnounceEvent, AnnounceRequest, ConnectRequest, ConnectionId, NumberOfBytes, NumberOfPeers, PeerId, PeerKey, Port, Response,
-    TransactionId,
+    ScrapeRequest, TransactionId,
 };
 use clap::{Parser, Subcommand};
 use log::{debug, LevelFilter};
 use serde_json::json;
 use torrust_tracker::shared::bit_torrent::info_hash::InfoHash as TorrustInfoHash;
 use torrust_tracker::shared::bit_torrent::tracker::udp::client::{UdpClient, UdpTrackerClient};
+use url::Url;
 
 const ASSIGNED_BY_OS: i32 = 0;
 const RANDOM_TRANSACTION_ID: i32 = -888_840_697;
@@ -55,6 +91,12 @@ enum Command {
         #[arg(value_parser = parse_info_hash)]
         info_hash: TorrustInfoHash,
     },
+    Scrape {
+        #[arg(value_parser = parse_socket_addr)]
+        tracker_socket_addr: SocketAddr,
+        #[arg(value_parser = parse_info_hash, num_args = 1..=74, value_delimiter = ' ')]
+        info_hashes: Vec<TorrustInfoHash>,
+    },
 }
 
 #[tokio::main]
@@ -65,29 +107,23 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
 
     // Configuration
     let local_port = ASSIGNED_BY_OS;
+    let local_bind_to = format!("0.0.0.0:{local_port}");
     let transaction_id = RANDOM_TRANSACTION_ID;
-    let bind_to = format!("0.0.0.0:{local_port}");
 
     // Bind to local port
-    debug!("Binding to: {bind_to}");
-    let udp_client = UdpClient::bind(&bind_to).await;
+    debug!("Binding to: {local_bind_to}");
+    let udp_client = UdpClient::bind(&local_bind_to).await;
     let bound_to = udp_client.socket.local_addr().unwrap();
     debug!("Bound to:   {bound_to}");
 
+    let transaction_id = TransactionId(transaction_id);
+
     let response = match args.command {
         Command::Announce {
             tracker_socket_addr,
             info_hash,
         } => {
-            debug!("Connecting to remote: udp://{tracker_socket_addr}");
-
-            udp_client.connect(&tracker_socket_addr.to_string()).await;
-
-            let udp_tracker_client = UdpTrackerClient { udp_client };
-
-            let transaction_id = TransactionId(transaction_id);
-
-            let connection_id = send_connection_request(transaction_id, &udp_tracker_client).await;
+            let (connection_id, udp_tracker_client) = connect(&tracker_socket_addr, udp_client, transaction_id).await;
 
             send_announce_request(
                 connection_id,
@@ -98,6 +134,13 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             )
             .await
         }
+        Command::Scrape {
+            tracker_socket_addr,
+            info_hashes,
+        } => {
+            let (connection_id, udp_tracker_client) = connect(&tracker_socket_addr, udp_client, transaction_id).await;
+            send_scrape_request(connection_id, transaction_id, info_hashes, &udp_tracker_client).await
+        }
     };
 
     match response {
@@ -123,7 +166,19 @@ async fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
             let pretty_json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&json).unwrap();
             println!("{pretty_json}");
         }
-        _ => println!("{response:#?}"),
+        Scrape(scrape) => {
+            let json = json!({
+                "transaction_id": scrape.transaction_id.0,
+                "torrent_stats": scrape.torrent_stats.iter().map(|torrent_scrape_statistics| json!({
+                    "seeders": torrent_scrape_statistics.seeders.0,
+                    "completed": torrent_scrape_statistics.completed.0,
+                    "leechers": torrent_scrape_statistics.leechers.0,
+                })).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            });
+            let pretty_json = serde_json::to_string_pretty(&json).unwrap();
+            println!("{pretty_json}");
+        }
+        _ => println!("{response:#?}"), // todo: serialize to JSON all responses.
     }
 
     Ok(())
@@ -150,12 +205,76 @@ fn setup_logging(level: LevelFilter) {
     debug!("logging initialized.");
 }
 
-fn parse_socket_addr(s: &str) -> anyhow::Result<SocketAddr> {
-    s.parse().with_context(|| format!("failed to parse socket address: `{s}`"))
+fn parse_socket_addr(tracker_socket_addr_str: &str) -> anyhow::Result<SocketAddr> {
+    debug!("Tracker socket address: {tracker_socket_addr_str:#?}");
+
+    // Check if the address is a valid URL. If so, extract the host and port.
+    let resolved_addr = if let Ok(url) = Url::parse(tracker_socket_addr_str) {
+        debug!("Tracker socket address URL: {url:?}");
+
+        let host = url
+            .host_str()
+            .with_context(|| format!("invalid host in URL: `{tracker_socket_addr_str}`"))?
+            .to_owned();
+
+        let port = url
+            .port()
+            .with_context(|| format!("port not found in URL: `{tracker_socket_addr_str}`"))?
+            .to_owned();
+
+        (host, port)
+    } else {
+        // If not a URL, assume it's a host:port pair.
+
+        let parts: Vec<&str> = tracker_socket_addr_str.split(':').collect();
+
+        if parts.len() != 2 {
+            return Err(anyhow::anyhow!(
+                "invalid address format: `{}`. Expected format is host:port",
+                tracker_socket_addr_str
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let host = parts[0].to_owned();
+
+        let port = parts[1]
+            .parse::<u16>()
+            .with_context(|| format!("invalid port: `{}`", parts[1]))?
+            .to_owned();
+
+        (host, port)
+    };
+
+    debug!("Resolved address: {resolved_addr:#?}");
+
+    // Perform DNS resolution.
+    let socket_addrs: Vec<_> = resolved_addr.to_socket_addrs()?.collect();
+    if socket_addrs.is_empty() {
+        Err(anyhow::anyhow!("DNS resolution failed for `{}`", tracker_socket_addr_str))
+    } else {
+        Ok(socket_addrs[0])
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_info_hash(info_hash_str: &str) -> anyhow::Result<TorrustInfoHash> {
+    TorrustInfoHash::from_str(info_hash_str)
+        .map_err(|e| anyhow::Error::msg(format!("failed to parse info-hash `{info_hash_str}`: {e:?}")))
 }
 
-fn parse_info_hash(s: &str) -> anyhow::Result<TorrustInfoHash> {
-    TorrustInfoHash::from_str(s).map_err(|e| anyhow::Error::msg(format!("failed to parse info-hash `{s}`: {e:?}")))
+async fn connect(
+    tracker_socket_addr: &SocketAddr,
+    udp_client: UdpClient,
+    transaction_id: TransactionId,
+) -> (ConnectionId, UdpTrackerClient) {
+    debug!("Connecting to tracker: udp://{tracker_socket_addr}");
+
+    udp_client.connect(&tracker_socket_addr.to_string()).await;
+
+    let udp_tracker_client = UdpTrackerClient { udp_client };
+
+    let connection_id = send_connection_request(transaction_id, &udp_tracker_client).await;
+
+    (connection_id, udp_tracker_client)
 }
 
 async fn send_connection_request(transaction_id: TransactionId, client: &UdpTrackerClient) -> ConnectionId {
@@ -207,3 +326,29 @@ async fn send_announce_request(
 
     response
 }
+
+async fn send_scrape_request(
+    connection_id: ConnectionId,
+    transaction_id: TransactionId,
+    info_hashes: Vec<TorrustInfoHash>,
+    client: &UdpTrackerClient,
+) -> Response {
+    debug!("Sending scrape request with transaction id: {transaction_id:#?}");
+
+    let scrape_request = ScrapeRequest {
+        connection_id,
+        transaction_id,
+        info_hashes: info_hashes
+            .iter()
+            .map(|torrust_info_hash| InfoHash(torrust_info_hash.bytes()))
+            .collect(),
+    };
+
+    client.send(scrape_request.into()).await;
+
+    let response = client.receive().await;
+
+    debug!("scrape request response:\n{response:#?}");
+
+    response
+}