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Here's a complete markdown file for installing Rust, Python, and JavaScript/TypeScript (Node.js) on your Ubuntu-based POP OS system:

Pop it Up: Dev Environment Setup

After restoring my system and starting fresh with POP OS, here's a quick guide for setting up essential development tools: Rust, Python, and Node.js.

Start by updating and upgrading your system packages:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

Rust Install

To install Rust, use the following command:

curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

After installation, add Rust to your system's PATH (usually added automatically by the installer):

source $HOME/.cargo/env

Verify the installation:

rustc --version

Install Node.js and NPM

Node.js (which includes the Node Package Manager, or NPM) is essential for JavaScript/TypeScript development. First, install the Node.js package:

sudo apt install -y nodejs npm

Confirm installation of Node.js and NPM:

node -v
npm -v

To install TypeScript globally, run:

npm install -g typescript

Verify TypeScript installation:

tsc -v

Install Python 3

Most Ubuntu systems come with Python 3 pre-installed, but you can ensure it’s installed and up-to-date with:

sudo apt install -y python3 python3-pip

Verify the installations:

python3 --version
pip3 --version

Additional Python Packages

You may want to install essential Python tools, like virtualenv for isolated environments:

pip3 install virtualenv

Final Check

Ensure all installations are successful:

rustc --version
node -v
npm -v
tsc -v
python3 --version
pip3 --version

You're now set up with Rust, Node.js, and Python, ready to dive into your projects!

Fixing Errors

This error is caused by two issues:

  1. Node.js Version Incompatibility
    The typescript@5.7.2 package requires Node.js version >=14.17, but your system currently has Node.js version 12.22.9. This version is outdated and doesn't meet the requirements for TypeScript.

  2. Permission Denied (EACCES)
    The npm install -g command attempts to install globally into /usr/local/lib/node_modules, but your user account does not have sufficient permissions to write to this directory.

Steps to Resolve

1. Update Node.js to a Compatible Version

TypeScript requires Node.js >=14.17. Use one of the following methods to update:

  • Using Node Version Manager (NVM): If you don't already have NVM installed, install it first:

    curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.3/install.sh | bash

    Then, restart your terminal and install a newer version of Node.js:

    nvm install --lts
nvm use --lts
node -v # Verify the version is >=14.17

  • From the Node.js Official Website: Download and install the latest LTS version of Node.js from nodejs.org.

2. Fix Global Permissions

You have two main options to resolve the EACCES error.

  • Option A: Use a Local npm Directory: Configure npm to use a directory within your user folder for global installations:

    mkdir -p ~/.npm-global
npm config set prefix '~/.npm-global'

    Add this directory to your PATH by adding the following line to your shell configuration file (~/.bashrc, ~/.zshrc, or ~/.profile):

    export PATH=~/.npm-global/bin:$PATH

    Reload the shell configuration:

    source ~/.bashrc  # or source ~/.zshrc

    Then try the install again:

    npm install -g typescript

  • Option B: Use sudo (not recommended): Run the installation command with sudo to grant administrative privileges:

    sudo npm install -g typescript

    Be cautious with this approach as it can lead to permission issues when mixing sudo and non-sudo npm operations.

3. Reattempt the Installation

Once Node.js is updated and permissions are fixed, install TypeScript:

npm install -g typescript

4. Verify Installation

Confirm that TypeScript is installed and accessible:

tsc --version

If you still encounter issues, share the updated error logs for further debugging.