- Word Tokenization: Breaking text into individual words.
- Subword Tokenization: Breaking words into smaller units (subwords) to handle out-of-vocabulary words and improve language model performance.
- Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE): A popular subword tokenization technique.
- Assigning Grammatical Tags: Identifying the grammatical role of each word in a sentence (e.g., noun, verb, adjective, adverb).
- Contextual Understanding: Considering the context of the word to determine its correct tag.
- Identifying Named Entities: Recognizing and classifying named entities like persons, organizations, locations, dates, and times.
- Applications: Information extraction, text summarization, and question answering.
- Analyzing Syntactic Structure: Uncovering the grammatical relationships between words in a sentence.
- Dependency Trees: Visual representation of the syntactic structure, showing how words depend on each other.
- Determining Sentiment: Classifying text as positive, negative, or neutral.
- Sentiment Intensity: Measuring the strength of sentiment (e.g., very positive, slightly negative).
- Applications: Social media monitoring, customer feedback analysis, and market research.
- Extractive Summarization: Selecting the most important sentences from the original text.
- Abstractive Summarization: Generating new text that captures the key ideas of the original text.
- Translation Process: Translating text from one language to another.
- Translation Models: Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) and Neural Machine Translation (NMT).
- Challenges: Handling language nuances, ambiguity, and cultural context.
- Generative Models: Creating new text, such as articles, poems, or code.
- Language Models: Learning the statistical patterns of language to generate text.
- Applications: Content creation, chatbots, and creative writing.
Key Challenges and Future Directions:
- Ambiguity and Contextual Understanding: Resolving ambiguities and understanding the context of language.
- Data Quality and Quantity: Accessing high-quality and diverse datasets for training models.
- Ethical Considerations: Addressing biases and ensuring fairness in NLP models.
- Low-Resource Languages: Developing NLP techniques for languages with limited data.
- Real-World Applications: Applying NLP to real-world problems, such as healthcare, finance, and education.
By understanding these core concepts and addressing the challenges, we can continue to advance the field of NLP and unlock its potential for various applications.
[[Diving Deeper into Core NLP Concepts]]