Bump sphinx from 8.1.3 to 8.2.1 in /python (#3647)

Bumps [sphinx](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx) from 8.1.3 to 8.2.1.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/blob/v8.2.1/CHANGES.rst)
- [Commits](sphinx-doc/sphinx@v8.1.3...v8.2.1)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: sphinx
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

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Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

python/pyproject.toml

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ docs = [
       "matplotlib",
       "myst_parser",
       "pyyaml",
-      "sphinx==8.1.3",
+      "sphinx==8.2.1",
       "sphinx_rtd_theme",
 ]
 lint = ["ruff>=0.2.0"]