Add reusable CI workflow (#54)

* Add reusable workflow 'continuous_integration.yml' to the repository

* Add reusuable workflow with jobs
  * Lint Repository
  * Setup Environment
  * Build and Push Build Kit
  * Build, Unit Tests and Install
  * Integration Tests
  * Create Coverage Badge
* Add custom github action 'deploy-ci-artifact'

Signed-off-by: Andreas Heinrich <andreas.heinrich@rwth-aachen.de>

Author: andistorm